Salon.com, Nov. 26, 2001 By Janelle Brown
Eve Ensler: "Afghanistan is everywhere"
The
novelist, playwright and activist behind "The Vagina Monologues"
talks about gender apartheid,the dangerous shedding of burqas
and the seeds of violence we've begun to sow.
Eve
Ensler went to Afghanistan and did not ask the women she met about
their vaginas. There were, she says, more pressing issues to discuss:
"Women were being beaten, and were starving, and were living in
orphanages. Going in and saying, 'So, let's talk about your vagina'
-- it seemed so glib.
"
Instead, Ensler -- the acclaimed playwright, novelist and one-woman
dynamo behind "The Vagina Monologues" -- has focused her concern
for the women in Afghanistan on the much larger issue of the nation's
gender apartheid. After visiting Afghanistan a year ago, Ensler
embarked on a quest to raise both awareness of the crisis and
funding for the Afghan feminist activist group RAWA, which surreptitiously
aids the oppressed women under the Taliban. Her efforts, including
a sold-out celebrity fund-raising performance of "The Vagina Monologues"
(this as part of the worldwide anti-violence benefit "V-Day"),
have helped her become one of the Afghan women's most vocal advocates.
Ensler
has built her career on the relationship between gender identity
and violence against women -- as manifested, in part, through
women's beliefs about their own vaginas. She doesn't pull her
punches; by her own admission, she's a radical feminist who makes
people face that which makes them most uncomfortable. Her goal
is to put herself out of business by eradicating worldwide violence
toward women, which she hopes to achieve within 10 years. And
yet she faces this daunting task with a wicked sense of humor,
a breathless energy and an uncanny ability to pull everyone she
meets -- from Glenn Close and Hillary Clinton to the waitress
in the cafˇ where we sip our coffee -- into her orbit.
Not
surprisingly, Ensler has strong views about the current situation
in Afghanistan, along with an unorthodox and idealistic vision
of how we might bring an end to the cycle of violence taking place
there.
How did you first become aware of the situation in Afghanistan?
I've
been aware of the women in Afghanistan for quite some time. Probably
ever since the Taliban came to be. I've always been obsessed with
Afghanistan. I have some very mystical connection to it. There
are places in your soul: Bosnia and Afghanistan are places I feel
like I've been to before.
I
was going to do a world trip for my new book, "The Good Body"
-- a play about women around the world and how they shape, change,
mutilate and hide their bodies in order to fit in with their particular
cultures -- and I realized I absolutely had to go to Afghanistan.
Here's a country where women are essentially disembodied. Their
bodies aren't a part of the culture at all. It seemed like the
furthest extreme of what I was looking at.
And
you went in with the women of RAWA?
We
had found RAWA on the Web, and had asked if we could come and
interview them. We met them in a hotel in Pakistan where they
interviewed us to decide if they would take us into their clandestine
world. Then they made the decision to trust us and took us in.
There
were these incredible orphanages and schools in Pakistan, where
girls were being brought up as young RAWA women. It was really
incredible -- they were being brought up as revolutionaries. There
was one group of orphan girls that I interviewed in a circle;
they all told their stories, and each of them cried and the others
would hold them. It was the most moving thing. Each of them would
say that RAWA saved their lives, RAWA had become their mother.
These girls were their family, their sisters, and they were devoting
their lives to liberating the women of Afghanistan.
I
was completely smitten by them. I may not be the most thorough
investigator -- that's why I'm not a journalist. People move me
and they enter me and then I write. It's funny, because I've become
RAWA's greatest defender: I feel like I'm defending women who
are struggling for their lives!
Why
do you use the word "defender"?
There
are a lot of people who say all kinds of false things about RAWA
-- that they are Maoists, they are communists. They are very militant,
they are very pure. They are very radical. And I'm very drawn
to that. People call them uncompromising, and they are right.
But bravo! I feel a kindred spirit.
Do
you feel that the crisis in Afghanistan, and the attention that
is being paid to the women's situation there, has helped your
mission to eradicate the oppression of women? Will this foment
radical change?
I
hope so. I think everything remains to be seen right now. The
situation is so volatile in Afghanistan, and so unexamined in
the deepest sense. I am shocked to see how profoundly we have
not thought any of this through -- not surprised, but shocked.
What
was your reaction when you heard that the Northern Alliance had
marched into Kabul, and women were shedding their burqas?
I
was so confused. It's exactly how I feel all the time these days:
I feel like we live in a state of total ambiguity. Part of me
was weeping to think of women and men being freed, that men could
shave their beards, listen to music and dance in the street; and
then I also felt utter terror about what was coming down the road.
Do
you think the Northern Alliance will behave themselves because
the world's eyes are on them?
Wouldn't
it be ideal if the Northern Alliance marched into Kabul and Kandahar
and all these different groups lived peacefully? But I think we're
on the verge of a civil war.
The
fact is that we, as a country, have no foreign policy. What's
our policy? If you don't have a policy that you believe in, with
a mandate, you are always shifting. Ten years ago we thought the
exact opposite: We supported the Taliban, we created Osama bin
Laden, we built those bunkers! So what do we believe?
To
me the most disturbing thing going on right now, second to the
bombing of all the children and women and tortured people of Afghanistan,
is that we haven't had a discussion about foreign policy. There's
not a discussion in sight, anywhere, about what we're learning
from this.
I
have problems with this "evil" thing. Evil is a really problematic
word. I run a writing group in a woman's prison, and most of the
women are murderers who are called evil people, and they are not.
They have done something terrible, and that's an absolute fact.
They are complicated, multifaceted, mind-blowing, unusual, original,
disturbing angry people. So is the Taliban. That is my feeling
about the Taliban.
Evil
is reductionist. It destroys ambiguity and takes away duality
and complexity; it says that they are dark and we are light, they
are evil and we are good. That's all a lie. We all have the capacity
for great goodness and love, and we all have the capacity for
terrible deeds. I've seen the best people behave terribly in the
worst situations, and the worst people behave well. Who knows
why? There are a lot of things that govern us. But I'm not going
to accuse anyone of evil.
Why
aren't we creating hope and goodness in the world [instead of
eradicating evil]?
There's
poverty, inequity and justice: How are we as a country going to
rid the world of these? How are we as a country going to be bigger
than we've ever been? [We need to] expand our generosity, and
see ourselves as people who have responsibilities to those who
are poor, or who don't have education or access to opportunities.
I have heard no word of that. Instead, [our approach] feels very
arbitrary. We have targets, perhaps; we are bombing, and we are
working with a completely brainless operation [the Northern Alliance].
And we are banking the future of Afghanistan on this? No -- because
we aren't thinking of the future of Afghanistan. I would not be
surprised if we were to find Osama bin Laden and then get out
of Afghanistan, the way we have time and time and time again.
That's what made this problem.
The
devil's advocate would say that if we stay in Afghanistan and
take control of what's going on there, that we are going to be
accused of imperialism.
I
don't think we should stay there, I think there should be some
U.N. force that goes in there as a transitional government and
helps establish women's rights and democracy. I don't think it
should be a stability force, as the British are talking about
right now, but a world- and U.N.-supported government.
And
what about women in all this?
Sixty-five
percent of the population of Afghanistan is female, and not one
woman has been entrusted with ruling. I haven't seen one woman
represented anywhere in Afghanistan. If I've learned one thing,
it would be this: The violation and desecration of women and the
undermining of women is an indication of everything. It is the
primary symptom of a civilization gone awry. Look at America:
We have one of the highest levels of violation of women of any
country.
Where
is the next Afghanistan?
People
said years ago that there was trouble brewing in Afghanistan,
just by looking at women's problems there. What other countries
do you see on the verge of boiling over? I think Afghanistan is
everywhere. I hate to say it, but I think if we do not really
address what is going on with women in this planet -- that one
out of three women in the world will be raped and battered --
it's basically gender oppression. Fifty-eight girls under the
age of 14 are raped in South Africa every day. There is not a
country in the world right now where the kind of violation that
is going on to women is not out of control. I'm talking epidemic.
I can't even talk about it because people can't tolerate hearing
it.
To
me, we are at the end of something, if we do not understand that
patriarchy has done this.
So,
what's your solution?
First
of all we have to address what's going on, that we are living
in a paradigm of escalating violence -- based, in my opinion,
on corporate greed and the emerging corporate globalization of
the world. Women are commodities within that structure: They are
bodies, serving or not serving. I think we have to stop and say,
"Is this the paradigm we want to keep living in? Is this the paradigm
we want? Do we want to perish as a people?"
James
Gilligan has a great book called "Preventing Violence." He basically
says that humiliation and shame are at the core of everything:
You humiliate people through relative poverty, through racism,
through child abuse -- he goes down the list. The restructuring
of the world will look at the un-shaming and recovery from humiliation,
in all the forms that it takes.
That's
what we should be setting out to think about. Thinking how we
are going to end violence; in my case, violence towards women.
What is violence towards women, the mechanisms of it, the trajectory
of it? And then, what are we going to do to stop it?
Considering
who's in power in the government right now, do you think this
kind of ideology is likely right now?
I
don't think this is going to happen during the Bush administration.
But you never know, sometimes the strangest people are accidentally
leaders.
I
have fantasies of an international party, a world party. We start
to see ourselves as a world and come up with a global party. I
have to say that I think it is the future, that nation-states
are over.
I
take it that you are opposed to the bombing. Yet it seems to have
rid Afghanistan of the Taliban.
I
know in my body, more than I know anything, that violence only
creates violence. And there may be a momentary, apparent victory
in Kabul, but that violence has created in so many other people
seeds of things that will come to be, in our lifetime, as deadly
as anything we've seen. Having been a person who was beaten into
submission, quieted, stunned and made mute by terror, I know that
there comes a time when you get people back, because that's survival.
It's an organic part of what violence does. So I don't believe
in the perpetration of it anymore.
I'm
not saying I don't believe in self-defense; if someone comes after
you, I will protect you, but I think that's very different. Our
terror is better than their terror? I don't believe that.
Do
you have any problems with Islam? Some have accused it of being
a religion that is problematic for women.
Is
there a religion that is not sexist?
I
believe that the body is gorgeous and sacred and women should
walk the earth in anything they want to wear, any day. If someone
is wearing the veil because it makes them feel sexy, exotic, erotic,
fabulous, empowered, delicious, protected -- power to them. If
one is wearing it to shut oneself off, to not exist, to not be
present, to not have a voice, to turn over all their rights, to
not be sexual, not be alive -- I have issues with it. That's the
bottom line with any piece of clothing in the world. It has nothing
to do with veils.
I feel that way about religion, too. If religion liberates us
to the desire of our bodies, makes us feel good about our vaginas
and makes us believe we have love in our hearts -- genius! If
it makes us feel bad or guilty or shameful, I can't get with it.
Do
you think that, though this may sound perverse, the recent tragedies
have been good for the world in terms of jump-starting a dialogue?
I
think there's nothing good ever about thousands of people being
killed -- nothing. Nobody deserves it; they weren't asking for
it; they didn't sign up for it. I don't buy that at all. I don't
believe the way you teach people is by beating them and killing
them.
But
if those lives were not to be lost in vain, we had better wake
up right now. We have to use that as a calling to our deepest
selves to come up with a way out of this. I actually believe it
could be that. I've been lucky: For five years I have been watching
this little seed of an idea, this little idea of a vagina, spread
and spread around the world. The play is in 45 countries right
now, and 30 languages. V-Day this year will take place in 600
colleges in 200 cities around the world.
For
me, it's been a great model of what a global party could be like.
I've seen how decentralized community-built organizing could really
work. If we could agree with certain basics: That all human beings
are entitled to food, shelter and education, and that could be
a tenet, we could take that and go with that. Ending violence
is the most essential thing, we could work on that. Where do we
all come together?
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